Postoperative Pain of Two Intraosseous Anesthetic Techniques: RESULTS

Forty-one adult subjects, 24 men and 17 women, from age 19 to 43 years with an average age of 26 years, participated. Because we studied a young adult population, the results of this study may not apply to children or the elderly.

The pain ratings for the infiltration injections are pre­sented in Table 1. The majority of needle insertion pain ratings were in the mild category, with no significant differences (P > .05) for females, males, or between the techniques. Anesthetic solution deposition resulted in a 22-27% incidence of moderate pain, with 1 report of severe pain. There were no significant differences (P > .05) for females, males, or between the techniques. Viagra Soft Tabs

Table 1. Percentages and Pain Ratings of the Infiltration Injections

The pain ratings for the intraosseous injections are presented in Table 2. Perforation resulted in a 24-25% incidence of moderate pain, with 1 report of severe pain. There were no significant differences (P > .05) for females, males, or between the techniques. Needle insertion resulted in a 5-10% incidence of moderate pain, with 1 report of severe pain. There were no significant differences (P > .05) for females, males, or between the techniques. Anesthetic solution deposition resulted in a 22-32% incidence of moderate pain, with 1 report of severe pain. There were no significant differences (P > .05) for females, males, or between the techniques. The majority of the pain ratings for guide sleeve removal, for the X-Tip™ system, were in the none to mild categories. There were no significant differences (P > .05) between the actual guide sleeve removal and mock guide sleeve removal. female viagra online

Table 2. Percentages and Pain Ratings of the Intraosseous Injections

The postinjection pain ratings for the IO injections are presented in Table 3. At the time subjective anesthesia wore off, postinjection pain ratings were similar for the Stabident and X-Tip™ systems, with no statistical differences for females, males, or between the techniques. The incidence of moderate pain was 7-15%, with no reports of severe pain. At postoperative days 1-3, significantly (P < .05) more males experienced postoperative pain with the X-Tip™ system than with the Stabident system. There was a 25% incidence of moderate to severe postoperative pain on day 1 (with decreasing incidence over the next 2 days), with the X-Tip™ system in males. Cialis Jelly

Table 3. Summary of Pain Ratings for Postinjection Survey With the Intraosseous Injection

Postoperative sequelae of the intraosseous injections are presented in Table 4. There was a 5-20% incidence of swelling and a 5-15% incidence of soreness to chewing. There were no significant differences (P > .05) between the 2 techniques. levofloxacin tablets

Table 4. Postoperative Sequelae of the Intraosseous Injections