Intranasal Sufentanil/Midazolam Versus Ketamine/ Midazolam for Analgesia/Sedation: Result

Patients in the 2 groups were similar with respect to age, height, weight, gender distribution, and length of surgery, and the number of teeth removed (Table 1). There were no significant differences (P = .05) in the physiological parameters, namely blood pressures (systolic, diastolic, mean arterial), heart rates, respiratory rates, and oxygen saturation between the 2 groups at the various time intervals measured (Table 2). With regard to the preoperative sedation and anxiety levels at the intervals post-drug administration, no significant differences were found between the 2 groups (P = 0.05) (Figures 1 and 2). Significantly more patients in the S/ M group accepted the nasal premedication (chi-square test = 7.718, P = .021; Table 3). No significant differences were found in the ease of mask induction (P = .05; Table 4). No adverse effects like nausea, vomiting, itching, and excessive sedation were observed in either group. There were no significant differences seen between the 2 groups as far as postoperative recovery went (P = .05; Table 4). The Oucher facial pain scale showed the S/M group to experience less pain than those in the K/M group, although this was not statistically significant (P > .05) (Table 4). In the S/M group, 72% of children were responders as compared with 52% in the K/M group (P > .05; Figure 3). Using the word graphic rating scale and the modified Hannalah objective pain scale (Table 4 and Figures 4 and 5), no significant differences were found between the 2 groups at the various time intervals measured postoperatively (P – .05).

Table 1. Demographic Profile and Baseline Vital Signs in the 2 Groups*

Table 2. Psyhological parametrs  levitra plus

Table 3. Acceptance of Intranasal Spray*

Table 4. Mask Acceptance Score, Recovery Room Score, and Pain Measures*

Table 5. Modified Hannalah Objective Pain Scale

Figure 1. Sedation score: 15 and 20 minutes post-drug ad­ministration. viagra plus

Figure 2. Anxiety scale: baseline, 15, and 20 minutes post-drug administration.

Figure 3. Oucher score categories for observer/researcher.

Figure 4. Word graphic rating scale for observer/researcher.

Figure 5. Modified Hannalah objective pain scale: for observer/researcher.